摘要 基于中国人民大学2018年“千人百村”调查数据,本文构建一个“效率—公平”的农村土地制度改革综合分析框架,并采用描述统计、列联分析方法,系统分析农村土地转让权改革深化和突破难题。研究表明:第一,农地确权已进入收尾阶段,产权明晰促进了农地流转和规模经营;第二,“三项改革”成效初显,为村集体和农民带来巨大经济效益,征地改革程序进一步规范,用于纯公共利益的征地比例有所提高;第三,改革中仍存在土地测量不到位、实际颁证滞后、征地程序部分环节存在缺失等程序问题,以及征地补偿远低于农民预期、合理的增值收益分配机制尚未形成等收益分配问题,影响了改革成效。目前农村土地转让权改革已实质性开始,其中不转用途的内部流转改革进展顺利,转用途的外部流转改革尚处于探索阶段,进一步深化改革的关键在于真正赋予农民参与权和谈判权,特别是处理好程序正义和收益分配难题。 based on the data collected from the 2018“One Thousand Students and One Hundred Villages”survey conducted by Renmin University of China,this article constructs an“efficiency-fairness”framework of rural land reform,and adopts descriptive analysis and contingency analysis methods to systematically examine the challenges in the process of deepening and breakthrough of land transfer rights reform.The results show that,firstly,the confirmation of agricultural land rights has entered the final stage.The clarification of land property rights has promoted the transfer of agricultural land and large-scale operation.Secondly,the rural land-three-system reforms have started to demonstrate early results,bringing huge economic benefits to village collectives and farmers.The proportion of land requisition used for public interests has increased,and the procedures of land acquisition reform have been further standardized.Thirdly,there are some main constraints during the reform process regarding procedural matters(e.g.a lack of land measurement,the delay in the actual issuance of certificates,and the lack of some procedures of land acquisition)and land revenue distribution(e.g.the compensation for land acquisition is far lower than farmers’expectations,and the reasonable mechanism for the distribution of value-added revenue has not yet been formed).These have affected the effectiveness of the reform.Currently,the reform of rural land transfer rights has already started,and the internal transfer reform without conversion of land use purpose is progressing smoothly,while external transfer reform involving land use conversion is still in the exploration stage.The key to further deepening the reform lies in the delivery of participation and negotiation rights to farmers,especially in dealing with the difficult issues of procedural justice and income distribution.
出处 《中国农村经济》 CSSCI 北大核心 2020年第12期2-21,共20页 Chinese Rural Economy
基金 国家自然科学基金项目“中国农村土地制度变迁中的正式规则:制定、实施及演进”(项目号:71673286) “中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金)项目”的阶段性研究成果。
关键词 确权登记颁证 三项改革 农地流转 土地收益分配 程序正义 Land Confirmation and Certification Rural Land Three-system Reform Rural Land Transfer Land Revenue Distribution Procedural Justice
