摘要 西方人权话语拓展的主要方式是软渗透和硬介入。软渗透表现为通过西方人权"区域理念--区域规则--国际规则--国内规则"的规范扩散,推动非西方国家接受由西方主导建构起来的国际人权规范体系,形成对西方人权话语的法律确信,最终实现"西方人权国际化"和"国际人权国内化"。硬介入表现为通过政治、军事、经济、外交等方式强行推动非西方国家接受西方人权话语并将之纳入国内法律秩序,加速了西方人权国际化。西方人权话语拓展引起"它变"和"自变"效果。一方面,面对软渗透和硬介入,非西方国家或者被动接受,或者借助条约批准、保留等国际法手段予以选择性认同或变通,甚至提出竞争性替代话语加以对冲。另一方面,西方人权话语也在内外因素下不断自我调适,逐步提升可接受性。中国对外拓展人权话语,应充分利用"百年未有之大变局"带来的战略机遇期,借助政治、经济、文化等多种途径,加速国际人权话语格局的变革;尽快形成以发展主义权利观为核心的人权话语体系,并通过对话来增进中国人权话语的价值共识;坚持发挥规范性力量的作用,学会利用国际法律机制,着力提升在国际人权体系内将中国理念和话语转化为国际规则以及保障国际规则被遵守的制度能力。 Soft infiltration and hard intervention are the main ways of expanding the Western discourse of human rights in the world. Soft infiltration means the way of specification diffusion by which the Western human rights discourse spread world widely from a kind of regional philosophy to regional rules and then from international rules to domestic rules. Specification diffusion of the Western human rights discourse aims to promote non-western countries gradually accept and join international human rights system established by West, form legal certainties in western discourse on human rights. Finally specification diffusion of the Western human rights discourse realizes the internationalization of western human rights and internalization of international human rights. Hard intervention is to force non-Western countries to accept western human rights discourse and bring it into domestic legal order through political, military, economic, diplomatic and other means, which accelerates the internationalization of western human rights.The expansion of western discourse on human rights discourses leads to "changing others" and "self-change". On the one hand, in the face of soft infiltration and hard intervention, non-Western countries either passively accept it, or selectively identify or adapt it by means of international law such as treaty ratification and reservation, or even put forward competitive alternative discourse to hedge against it. On the other hand, the western discourse on human rights has been self-adjusting and gradually improving its acceptability under internal and external factors. To expand the discourse of human rights, China should draw lessons from the normative path of soft infiltration: make full use of the strategic opportunity period brought by "the great change unseen in a century", and accelerate the reform of the international discourse of human rights by means of politics, economy, culture and other ways;form developmentism view of human rights as soon as possible and promote the value consens.
机构地区 中南大学法学院
出处 《法学论坛》 北大核心 2021年第2期121-134,共14页 Legal Forum
基金 国家社科基金重点项目《构建更加公正合理的全球人权治理体系研究》(20AZD104)的阶段性成果。
分类号 D908 [政治法律—法学理论]
