三、Leech礼貌原则视角下言语打断现象分析

正如Leech所言，礼貌在不同文化的文化坏境与语言社区中的适用方式存在不同，但礼貌在不同的文化表现中拥有一个相同的特点，即具有避免争议，促进合作的总体功能。^[4]10本文在分析这场中美主播的英语对话时正是基于这一相同特点，因此在分析其中的打断现象是否礼貌时未考虑因文化背景不同而礼貌的适用方式存在不同这一影响因素。中美两位主播就公平贸易、知识产权、华为、关税、中国发展中国家地位以及美方所谓的“国家资本主义”进行了长达16分钟的英语对话，对话中总共出现了约10次的言语打断。因此本文主要采用的是Leech的礼貌原则来分析这场对话中出现的言语打断现象。具体如下：

例1：Liu Xin: “...It's a great opportunity for me unprecedented. I never dreamed that I would have this kind of opportunity to speak to you and to speak to many audiences in ordinary households in the United States. You said a couple of things which I need to correct, I need to correct. Because I am not, I am not. Yeah, Trish, I have to get it straight. I am not a member of the Communist Party of China...”

Trish: (...yeah, it isn’t unprecedented, as I know, in my memory... I ask you ...again...forgive me, you are not what?)

此对话中翠西急于解释说明自己曾邀请过刘欣而并非史无前例第一次邀请，然而刘欣继续完成了自己的对话，根据言语打断的分类，翠西的打断未成功阻止刘欣完成该对话，因而属于不成功的一次性言语打断。根据打断的功能，该打断承接了以上话题，具有关联性，体现了向上功能，并且促进了会话的继续进行，体现了向前功能。然而从礼貌原则的视角出发，当刘欣讲话的时候翠西急于否认刘欣的观点同时讲话而未能听清对方的表达，刘欣不得不重复一遍自己的表达，此言语打断的行为违背了一致准则和得体准则，一定程度上拖延了会话的进程，是不礼貌的。

例2： Liu Xin: “... This is on the record. So please don't assume that I'm a member. And I don't speak for the Communist Party of China. And I'm here, for today, I'm only speaking for myself as Liu Xin, a journalist working for CGTN...”

Trish: (...but another, oh, CGTN...)

Trish: “...So I wanna believe Xin, I wanna believe that something can get done...”

Liu Xin: (...I agree...)