摘要 近20年来,以Sloan Digital Sky Survey(SDSS)[1]为代表的巡天项目取得了令人瞩目的成果,打开了用天文观测精确检验和探索基础物理理论的新篇章,催生了Vera Rubin Observatory(VRO,原名Large Synoptic Survey Telescope)、Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument(DESI)、Euclid、Roman Space Telescope(RST,原名Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope)等新一代大型巡天项目. The 2 m-aperture Survey Space Telescope(also known as the China Space Station Telescope,CSST)is a major science project of China Manned Space Program.It is expected to start science operations around 2024 and has a nominal mission lifetime of 10 years.During observations,CSST will fly independently in the same orbit as the space station while maintaining a large distance apart.It can dock with the space station for refueling and servicing as scheduled or as needed.With a Cook-type three-mirror anastigmat design,CSST can achieve superior image quality within a large field of view(Fo V),which gives it an advantage for survey observations.Being an off-axis telescope without any obstruction,its point spread function(PSF)is not affected by diffraction of mirror support structures and is thus helpful for weak-lensing shear measurements.The radius encircling 80%energy of the PSF within CSST’s central 1.1 square degrees of Fo V is required to be no more than 0.15″,including all wavefront errors in the optics and instruments and dynamical effects such as the telescope’s attitude control and vibration.CSSTwill be launched with 5 first-generation instruments including a survey camera,a terahertz receiver,a multichannel imager,an integral field spectrograph,and a cool planet imaging coronagraph.The survey camera is equipped with 309 k×9 k detectors for science observations,each with a filter or grating mounted above,a defocused 9 k×9 k detector for flux calibration in r band,8640×512 near-infrared detectors,fine guide sensors,and wavefront sensors.The primary task of CSST is to carry out a high-resolution large-area multiband imaging and slitless spectroscopy survey covering the wavelength range of 255-1000 nm.Precision cosmology is the main science driver of the survey,and,therefore,the main area of sky selected for observation is at median-to-high galactic latitude and median-to-high ecliptic latitude.It will take the survey camera roughly 7 years of operation accumulated over 10 years of orbital time to image rou
出处 《科学通报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2021年第11期1290-1298,共9页 Chinese Science Bulletin
基金 国家自然科学基金(11033005) 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项空间科学预先研究项目(XDA04070800) 中国科学院天文台站设备更新及重大仪器设备运行专项、中国科学院事业单位修缮购置专项、中国科学院空间科学研究院培育项目 国家天文台预研项目和天文联合基金(U1931208)资助。
关键词 空间望远镜 物理理论 载人航天工程 精确检验 天文观测 光谱巡天 space telescope wide-field survey slitless spectroscopy cosmology photometric redshift
